What are the characteristics of product stamping in the field of auto parts?

Stamping in the field of automobile parts is one of the core processes in automobile manufacturing. It mainly aims at the forming and processing of key parts such as body structure, chassis and interior trim, and has four core characteristics of high precision, high rigidity, high consistency and high safety, and meets the large-scale and standardized production requirements of automobile industry. The specific characteristics are as follows:

The machining accuracy is strict, and it adapts to the assembly tolerance of the whole vehicle.

Automobile stamping parts need to meet the requirements of modular assembly of the whole vehicle, and the dimensional tolerance is usually controlled within ±0.1mm, while some precision parts such as engine bracket and chassis suspension have higher tolerance requirements, which need to reach 0.05 mm. This requires the stamping die to have extremely high manufacturing accuracy, and the stamping equipment should be equipped with accurate feeding and positioning systems to avoid dimensional deviation caused by material deviation and die wear. For example, the stamping of car body panels (doors, hoods) should not only ensure the accuracy of external dimensions, but also control the surface flatness to prevent wrinkles, springback and other defects from affecting the subsequent welding and painting effects.

Strong material adaptability, focusing on high-strength and lightweight materials.

The stamping materials of automobile parts are mainly high-strength steel, aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy, taking into account the requirements of rigidity and lightweight. The stamping of high-strength steel needs to solve the problems of large material rebound and high forming difficulty. Usually, hot stamping process (heating the steel plate above 900℃ and then stamping) is adopted to improve the forming performance of the material. Aluminum alloy stamping needs to optimize the die surface treatment process (such as hard anodic oxidation) to reduce the adhesion between the material and the die and avoid surface scratches. In addition, it is necessary to adapt to the stamping of ultra-thin aluminum alloy plates for new energy vehicle battery cases and other components, and the equipment is required to have accurate pressure control ability to prevent the plates from breaking.

The die has high requirements on rigidity and service life, and is suitable for mass production.

The stamping production of automobile parts is mostly large-scale batch manufacturing, and the service life of a single set of dies is usually required to reach more than 500 thousand times, and the service life of some core parts dies even needs to exceed 1 million times. This requires the die to be made of high-hardness die steel (such as Cr12MoV and SKD11), and to be strengthened by vacuum quenching, nitriding and other processes to improve the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the die. At the same time, the stamping equipment should have a high rigid body structure to avoid the deformation of the body in the process of high-speed and high-pressure stamping, which will affect the mold accuracy and the quality stability of stamping parts.

The forming process is complex, involving multi-process compound stamping.

The structure of automobile parts is often complex, and it is difficult to complete the molding by a single stamping process, so it is necessary to adopt multiple composite processes such as blanking, stretching, bending, flanging and punching. For example, the beam parts of automobile chassis need to be cut into blanks through blanking, then stretched into basic shapes, and then the detailed structure processing is completed through punching and flanging. Some complex parts also need to be stamped with multi-station progressive dies to realize "one-time feeding and simultaneous completion of multiple processes", which greatly improves the production efficiency and adapts to the large-scale production rhythm of the automobile industry.

Safety and consistency are strictly controlled and conform to industry standards.

Automobile parts are directly related to the safety performance of the whole vehicle. Stamping should strictly follow the quality system standards of the automobile industry such as ISO/TS16949, and establish the whole process quality control system. In the production process, on-line inspection equipment should be equipped to detect the size and surface defects of stamping parts in real time and eliminate unqualified products; At the same time, the stamping parts are required to have high consistency, so as to ensure that the same batch of parts can be completely interchanged and avoid affecting the assembly quality of the whole vehicle due to individual differences. In addition, the stamping equipment should be equipped with a perfect safety protection system (such as light curtain protection and emergency braking device) to ensure the safety of operators.

Closely connected with subsequent processes, giving consideration to multi-process compatibility.

The subsequent processes of automobile stamping parts usually include welding, painting, assembly, etc., so the adaptability to the subsequent processes should be fully considered in stamping processing. For example, when stamping body panels, welding positioning holes should be reserved to ensure accurate positioning during welding; The surface roughness of stamping parts should be controlled to avoid affecting the coating adhesion; Some parts need to be shaped and deburred after stamping to ensure smooth edges and meet assembly requirements.