Metal stamping is an advanced metal processing method. Now Xiaobian will introduce the general situation of metal stamping:
Stamping can be divided into cold stamping and hot stamping. Among them, cold stamping can be carried out at room temperature without heating materials, which is more convenient. Stamping is based on the plastic deformation of metal, and sheet metal is stamped with stamping die and stamping equipment to obtain the required shape and size of parts. Compared with hot stamping, cold stamping is more widely used, and compared with cutting, it has a series of advantages, such as high productivity, low processing cost, high material utilization rate, stable product size accuracy, simple operation, easy realization of mechanization and automatic production, and is especially suitable for mass production of metal stamping parts.
Because sheet metal parts have light weight and sufficient strength and rigidity, they can be processed into parts of various shapes and sizes with different materials according to different purposes to meet the needs of production. Cold stamping parts are widely used in automobiles, household appliances and various civil light industrial products. In national defense, such as aircraft, missiles, guns, bullets, shells and other products, there are also a large proportion of parts processed by cold stamping.
Cold stamping process can be roughly divided into two categories: separation process and forming process. The separation process can be divided into blanking, punching, trimming and cutting. The forming process can be divided into bending, drawing, hole turning, flanging, bulging, rounding, expanding and necking. According to the shape, dimensional accuracy and other technical requirements of product parts, various processes can be used to process sheet metal respectively.
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With the continuous progress of science and technology and the rapid development of industrial production, cold stamping technology is also developing and advancing, mainly in the following aspects:
1. Computer-aided calculation is used for process analysis, and CAE analysis is modernized. For example, the traditional method of stamping process for producing automobile panels is to compare and analyze the existing design data and the designer's experience to determine the process scheme and related parameters. Then, in the process of mold trial, after repeated trials and modifications, it takes a lot of manpower, material resources and time to switch to mass production. In recent years, the finite deformation elastic-plastic finite element method has been widely used in domestic and foreign industries, and the stress-strain analysis and computer simulation of the forming process of panels have been carried out by using AUTOFORM,DANYFORM and PAMSTAMP, so as to predict the possibility of a certain process scheme for the forming of parts and the problems that will occur, such as thinning or even cracking of local materials, overlapping of materials in local areas, wrinkling trend and so on. This can not only save the cost of mold trial, but also shorten the mold development and manufacturing cycle for mold designers to choose and modify.
2. The mold design and manufacturing technology is modernized, and more CNC machine tools are used for automatic machining. For example, CNC EDM machine tools and wire cutting machine tools are complete, and wire cut, China WEDM and WEDM machine tools are blooming everywhere; CNC milling machine (computer gong) replaces ordinary milling machine, drilling machine, tapping machine, etc.
3. Mechanization and automation of cold stamping production, stamping equipment has developed from single-station low-speed press to multi-station high-speed automatic press. General metal stamping parts can be produced by automatic feeding through continuous dies on the punching machine, and for large and complex stamping parts, the transfer die can also be used for automatic production of manipulator picking and placing parts, which saves a lot of manpower and improves production efficiency. Automatic production technologies such as in-mold tapping and in-mold riveting are becoming mature and widely used.
4. Continuously improve the properties of metal stamping materials to improve their forming ability and use effect. For example, automobile high-strength low-alloy steel plates are used to produce automobile panels and body structure stamping parts, so as to reduce the self-weight of automobiles, improve their structural strength and improve the safety performance of automobiles. SUS439(1.4510), a new type of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant stainless steel, is also widely used as a stamping part of automobile engine exhaust pipe system because of its excellent anti-rust performance at high temperature.
